A new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae, Asparagales) and a checklist of Orchidaceae from limestone outcrops of Brazil

Habenaria karstica J.A.N.Bat. sp. nov., a new species from limestone outcrops (i.e., karst) in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is described. The ecologically very distinct since it only Neotropical genus that grows on under full sun, associated with mat-forming saxicolous plants. It morphologically similar to repens complex, and separation possible through combination morphological characters. Bayesian parsimony phylogenetic analyses based nuclear (rDNA ITS, ETS) plastid (matK-trnK, rps16-trnK) DNA markers revealed H. belongs sect. Spathaceae. species, however, differs floral morphology other this clade. A survey literature public plants datasets 122 58 genera Orchidaceae karsts Brazil. Although small compared family’s diversity country, among families highest number some karst localities. Our results indicate approximately 97% found Brazil not limited areas, composition each locality primarily determined by regional flora biome which located.